Advice on where to start with a web server/app

I work with C++ and javascript as a windows based developer, but don't really know where to start with web development so I'd appreciate some guidance.

I'd like to have a program listen 24/7 to a public data feed and then send out emails when it receives certain information. It would also have a website where users sign up and store their data in a database. The second part I know how to do, but I'm a little lost as to how the first would work. Can I do this with hosting on something like godaddy?

Thanks

This feature should probably be executed using cronjob / scheduled task.
This can be created as "standard" program using c++ or other language. It depends at what the (web) hosting site support.

Releated to godaddy, you can seach for cronjob informaiton directly on their page:
http://support.godaddy.com/search/all/cronjob/