Help with program design

Hello, I am taking a course on simple program design. I am A true beginner. I know nothing. I keep trying grasp the whole concept, but for some reason I am not able to. we need to define the problem, outline the solution, develope the outline into an algorithm, and test the algorithm for correctness (desk check). really need help
So any help would be greatly appreciated.

Be a little more specific, like an example problem that people can show you how to do.

It's no different from any other task, such as picking your nose. It's just got you buffaloed. You look at the goal, determine generally what actions are necessary to reach it, break down those actions into specific tasks, and keep on spiraling inward until you can express and perform the steps concetely. Do that, job done.